Southern Albania Tour

 Day 1:    Tirana (City Tour)

Trip duration: 2-3 hours.

Tirana, the capital and largest city of Albania, is the country's cultural, economic, and political center. Established in 1614 by Sulejman Bargjini, a local Ottoman ruler, the city has grown rapidly, especially after becoming the capital in 1920. Tirana is known for its colorful buildings, vibrant streets, and rich history, blending Ottoman, Italian, and Communist-era architecture. Skanderbeg Square, the city's central plaza, is home to key landmarks such as the National History Museum, Et'hem Bey Mosque, and the Clock Tower.

The city's atmosphere is lively, with a mix of traditional and modern influences. Blloku, once an exclusive area for Communist elites, is now a trendy district filled with cafes, restaurants, and nightlife spots. The Grand Park of Tirana offers green spaces and a peaceful retreat, while Mount Dajti, accessible by cable car, provides stunning views of the city. 

Tirana also boasts a growing arts scene, with museums, galleries, and cultural events celebrating Albania’s heritage and contemporary creativity.

In recent years, Tirana has undergone significant urban transformation, improving infrastructure and sustainability. The city is working to become more pedestrian-friendly, with new public spaces and bike lanes. It is also a hub for international diplomacy, hosting embassies and conferences. As Albania moves towards European integration, Tirana plays a crucial role in shaping the country’s future while preserving its unique identity and historical roots.

The list of attractions in the tour:

1.Scanderbeg Square  
"Skënderbej" Square is the main square of Tirana with an area of 40,000 m², which makes it the largest square in Albania.
"Skënderbej" Square is the main square located in the center of Tirana, Albania. The square is named after the Albanian national hero Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu. The square is surrounded by the Palace of Culture, the Tirana Hotel, the National Museum and the Bank of Albania.
2.Et’hem Beu Mosque:
Et'hem Beu Mosque is located in the center of Tirana. It began to be built by Mulla Bey who came from Petrela in 1789. It was completed in 1821 by Mulle Bey's son, Haxhi Et'hem Bey. The mosque was in the final stages of construction and the erection of the tower next to the mosque was becoming an inseparable element of local tradition.

3.New Bazar: 
Visit of the new bazar and its surroundings of the street art and restaurants.
The New Market is located in Avni Rustemi Square, 8 minutes from the center of Tirana and has become the newest attraction of the city. Before the inauguration, the New Bazaar was not so attractive, where traders sold their products in not very good conditions. The New Bazaar was an investment the city needed, as the area had lost its beauty and authenticity.
4.Tirana Castle: 
The castle is located in the center of the capital of Albania, Tirana, and is one of its most frequented areas. Tirana Castle is a monument of cultural heritage, approved in 1973. It represents a fortification with a rectangular plan measuring 160x120 m. 
5.The San Pietro Cathedral: 
The cathedral was built at the end of 2001 and is one of the largest and newest cathedrals in Tirana. It belongs to the Catholic Archdiocese of Tirana-Durra. Its name recalls the Apostle Paul as the first evangelist of the Albanian lands, in 52 AD. In a letter addressed to the Romans, Saint Paul declares that: "he took the holy word from Jerusalem and around to Illyria". Inside the cathedral there is a monument to Mother Teresa and that of Pope John Paul II.
6.The Pyramid of Tirana: 
The "Pjeter Arbnori" International Culture Center, Pyramid or Former "Enver Hoxha" Museum was built and inaugurated as the "Enver Hoxha" museum in 1988 in Tirana, that is, three years after the death of Enver Hoxha.
7.Mother Teresa Square: 
The Mother Teresa Square (Albanian: Sheshi Nënë Tereza) is the second largest square in Tirana, Albania. It is named after the Albanian-born Indian Roman Catholic nun, missionary and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mother Teresa.
8.Beautiful murals Tirana "MuralFest":
The 6th edition of "MuralFest", a project of the Municipality of Tirana. Curator Helidon Haliti. 11 international artists and 14 murals.
9.Enver Hoxha former residence
As soon as he came to power, Enver Hoxha settled in the "Dajti" hotel in Tirana. A few days later he liked a house built in 1942 by an Italian, Velleda Lucia Costa. Koçi Xoxe lived in the next house next to it (to the east) belonging to the owner Qemal Biçakçiu.
10.The Autocephalous orthodox Cathedral: 
Is an Eastern Orthodox Church widespread in Albania. It ranks 13th in the diptychs of the Patriarchate of Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) and 12th in the diptychs of the Moscow Patriarchate. Its primate holds the title "His Beatitude, Archbishop of Tirana, Durrës and all of Albania". Since 1992 this role has been played by Archbishop Anastas Janullatos.
11.The cloud “REJA”: 
The installation 'Cloud' by the Japanese artist Sou Fujimoto is a monumental work of art and a modern space for cultural life in Tirana. Since 2017, "Reja" has served as a space for cultural and artistic events in the capital.
12. Bunk'Art (extra 1 hour – Entrance fees: €4-5 Euros)
Such a bunker with 5 underground floors was built between 1972 and 1978, with 106 and an Assembly Hall, where objects that were used by former communist leaders in the years 76'-80' are exhibited, is located in the area known as Shish Tufina, in Tirana. 

Day 2:   Tirana - Gjirokaster:

Distance: 230 km - 3 h 17 min.

Gjirokastër, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in southern Albania, is renowned for its well-preserved Ottoman architecture, rich cultural heritage, and scenic landscape. Often referred to as the "City of Stone," it is a must-visit destination for those interested in history, culture, and stunning architecture. Here’s a detailed overview:

1. Historical Significance

• Origins: Gjirokastër has ancient roots, with evidence of habitation dating back to the Bronze Age. It became significant during the Byzantine and Ottoman periods.
• Ottoman Era: The city flourished under Ottoman rule, gaining prominence as an administrative and trade hub in the 14th-19th centuries.
• Modern History: It played a role in Albania’s resistance against invaders and was a focal point during the communist era, serving as a key stronghold.

2. UNESCO World Heritage Status

Gjirokastër was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005 for its unique architecture and cultural significance. The designation highlights:

• The city's well-preserved Ottoman-era buildings.
• The blending of Islamic and Balkan influences.
• Its importance as a representation of life during the Ottoman Empire.

3. Key Attractions

Gjirokastër Castle

• One of the largest castles in the Balkans, perched atop a hill offering panoramic views.
• Houses the Gjirokastër Museum, showcasing the city’s history.
• Features a weaponry gallery and a collection of captured artillery.
• Hosts the National Folk Festival every five years, celebrating Albanian culture.

Old Bazaar

• A vibrant market area dating back to Ottoman times.
• Offers local crafts, textiles, souvenirs, and traditional Albanian products.
• A hub for experiencing the city’s bustling everyday life.

Ethnographic Museum

• Located in the former house of Albania’s dictator, Enver Hoxha, a native of Gjirokastër.
• Provides insights into traditional Albanian lifestyle and customs.

Historical Ottoman Houses

• Famous for its unique architecture, including stone roofs, high-walled courtyards, and intricately decorated interiors.
• Notable houses include:
  • Zekate House: A masterpiece of Ottoman architecture.
  • Skenduli House: A well-preserved 18th-century home showcasing traditional design.

Clock Tower

• A prominent landmark within the castle grounds, symbolizing the city’s Ottoman heritage.

4. Cultural and Culinary Highlights

Culture

• The city has a strong connection to literature, as it is the birthplace of renowned Albanian writer Ismail Kadare.
• Folk music and traditional dances are integral to the city's identity.
• Gjirokastër is known for its stone artisans, skilled in crafting with the local limestone.

Cuisine

• Traditional Dishes:
  • Qifqi (rice balls with herbs)
  • Fërgesë (a dish made with peppers, tomatoes, and cottage cheese)
  • Lamb-based dishes.
• Local Products: Olive oil, cheese, honey, and handmade sweets.

5. Geography and Climate

• Location: Nestled in the Drino Valley and surrounded by the Gjere Mountains, providing a stunning natural backdrop.
• Climate: Mediterranean climate with warm, dry summers and mild, wet winters.

6. Practical Information

• Getting There:
  • Closest airport: Tirana International Airport (about 3.5 hours by car).
  • Accessible by road from nearby cities like Tirana and Sarandë.
• Accommodation: Offers a range of options from traditional guesthouses to modern hotels.
• Best Time to Visit: Spring and autumn are ideal, with pleasant weather and fewer crowds.

7. Festivals and Events

• National Folk Festival: Held in the castle, featuring performances by folk groups from across Albania.
• Traditional Markets: Seasonal fairs showcasing local crafts, food, and traditions.

Gjirokastër combines history, culture, and natural beauty, making it a destination that leaves a lasting impression. Its cobblestone streets, stone houses, and warm hospitality create an unforgettable experience.

Day 3:   Gjirokaster - Butrint:

Distance: 68 km – 1 h 18 min. 

Trip duration: 4-5 hours.

Location and Setting
Butrint is an ancient archaeological site located in southern Albania, near the modern town of Sarandë. Situated on a hill overlooking the Vivari Channel, which connects Lake Butrint to the Ionian Sea, the site offers a breathtaking blend of natural beauty and historical significance. It is part of the Butrint National Park, which includes diverse ecosystems such as wetlands, salt marshes, and forests.

Historical Overview

1. Prehistoric Beginnings:
Butrint's history dates back to at least the Bronze Age, with evidence of early human activity. The site’s strategic position made it an ideal settlement for trade and defense.

2. Greek Era:
Butrint (ancient Buthrotum) was a flourishing city in the 8th century BCE. Legend ties its foundation to the Trojan War, with Virgil in the Aeneid mentioning it as a city founded by Trojan exiles. Archaeological finds include a 4th-century BCE theater and sanctuaries dedicated to Asclepius, the god of healing.

3. Roman Period:
Butrint became a Roman colony in 44 BCE under Julius Caesar and thrived during this era, reaching its peak in the 2nd century CE. The Romans built aqueducts, baths, and villas, many of which remain visible today.

4. Byzantine and Venetian Rule:
In the late Roman and early Byzantine periods, Butrint was an episcopal center. Notable structures from this period include the Great Basilica and Baptistery. Later, during Venetian rule (14th–18th century), Butrint served as a fortress against Ottoman expansion.

5. Ottoman Era and Decline:
The Ottomans controlled the area from the late 18th century, during which the city declined due to shifting trade routes and malaria.

6. Modern Discovery:
Systematic archaeological excavations began in the 1920s under Italian archaeologists. Excavations resumed in the late 20th century, uncovering layers of the site's history.

Key Attractions

1. The Theater:
A well-preserved Greek theater dating back to the 4th century BCE. It seated about 2,500 spectators and hosted performances, assemblies, and religious ceremonies.

2. The Baptistery:
Dating from the 6th century CE, the Baptistery is famous for its stunning mosaics depicting Christian symbols and geometric designs.

3. The Great Basilica:
A large 6th-century church showcasing early Byzantine architecture.

4. The Venetian Tower and Fortress:
Built during Venetian rule, the fortress offers panoramic views of the surrounding area.

5. The Lion Gate and Walls:
The Cyclopean walls and Lion Gate, dating to the 4th century BCE, showcase Butrint's defensive prowess.

6. The Vivari Channel and Lake Butrint:
The natural surroundings enhance the charm of the site, with opportunities for birdwatching and boat rides.

UNESCO World Heritage Status

Butrint was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992 for its outstanding universal value as a cultural and archaeological site. The surrounding Butrint National Park, established in 2000, protects the site's ecosystem and history.

Visitor Information

How to Get There:

• From Saranda: Butrint is about 20 kilometers south and accessible by car or bus.
• From Corfu, Greece: Ferries to Sarandë make Butrint an easy day trip.

Best Time to Visit:
Spring (April–June) and autumn (September–October) offer mild weather and fewer crowds.

Entrance Fees:
Visitors pay an entrance fee to access the archaeological park, which supports its maintenance and preservation.

Facilities:
The park includes a small museum housed in a Venetian castle, providing additional context through artifacts and displays. Guided tours are available.

Conservation Challenges

• Environmental Threats: Rising water levels and erosion pose risks to the ruins.
• Tourism Impact: While tourism supports the site's economy, unregulated foot traffic can damage fragile structures.

Why Visit Butrint?

Butrint is a unique blend of natural beauty and layered history, offering insights into ancient Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and Venetian civilizations. It's a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, nature lovers, and travelers seeking an off-the-beaten-path experience in the Mediterranean.

Day 4:   Sarande - Tirana:

Distance: 277 km – 4 h h 17 min.